The tap root grows down vertically into soil and other roots sprout from it in horizontal or nearly horizontal directions. Leafy liverworts look a lot like mosses except for insertion of leaves and arrangement in two or three rows, inserted at angles to the stem. Jan 11, 2018 therefore, the key difference between homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes is that the homosporous pteridophytes produce one type of spores that are same in size whereas heterosporous pteridophytes produce two types of spores that are different in sizes. Salvinia natans floating fern and azolla carliniana water velvet are two examples of pteridophytes. Schmidt recognized the two principal types of steles in pteridophytes. Pteridophytes are a group of primitive land plants belongs to the cryptogams. The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds tertium organum pdf portugues, roots and sometimes true stems. The plant body can be divided into a true root, stem, and leaves. What are euphylls and how did they most likely evolve. Genera like selaginella and salvinia which produce two kinds of spores, macro large and micro small spores, are known as heterosporous. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are. A good portion of the image references used here tap fine image resources for nonflowering vascular plants.
The plant list includes 46,428 scientific plant names of species rank for the pteridophytes. Pteridophyte definition of pteridophyte by merriamwebster. They are chlorophyllous, autotrophic, archegoniate, embryophytic and tracheophytic. This group includes ferns, horsetails, club mosses, spike mosses and quillworts. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks.
They formed the dominant part of the earths during palaeozoic and mesozoic periods. Pteridophytes general characteristics free online biology. Dioicous pteridophytes produce only antheridia male organs or archegonia female organ on a single gametophyte body. There are five types of protostele in pteridophytes they are 1. Gymnosperms have a tap root while the pteridophytes do not. In this article we will discuss about the classification of pteridophytes. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. Classify the following characteristics to describe the three types of. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. Pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving, although the sporophyte is generally much larger and more conspicuous. Stelar theory, components of stele, different types of steles in plants, protostele.
Therefore, the key difference between homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes is that the homosporous pteridophytes produce one type of spores that are same in size whereas heterosporous pteridophytes produce two types of spores that are different in sizes. Species of pteridophytes contained within the plant list belong to 35 plant families and 568 plant genera. Pteridophyta have life cycle known as metagenesis with two generations, they are sporophyte and gametophyte generations. May 26, 2017 a read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
In majority of the pteridophytes all the spores are of similar kinds. Pteridophytes general characteristics general characters of pteridophytes the vascular cryptogams pteridophytes are plants with feather like leaves. Classify the following characteristics to describe. As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates. In addition, in pteridophytes, the gametophyte is often very thin and can be unistratose, especially at. Oct 05, 2016 salvinia natans floating fern and azolla carliniana water velvet are two examples of pteridophytes. Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce and disperse via spores. But two vascular bundle are scattered and distributed in. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. Plant kingdom thallophytes algae bryophytes pteridophytes. The following points highlight the three classes of pteridophytes. It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. Vascular plants have a root system and a shoot system. Homosporous species usually produces bisexual monoecious gametophytes whereas heterosporous species.
Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes biology boom. May 20, 2018 there are five types of protostele in pteridophytes they are 1. Each protonema can spread over several centimeters, forming a fuzzy green film over its substrate. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. Pteridophyte definition is any of a division pteridophyta of vascular plants such as a fern that have roots, stems, and leaves but lack flowers or seeds.
The plant list includes a further 3,533 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the pteridophytes. Stelar evolution in pteridophytes ppt types of steles and its evolution in pteridophytes ppt what is stele. Due to discovery of the fossil plants, the classification of pteridophytes has undergone vast changes in the recent past. Therefore pteridophytes are no longer considered to form a valid taxon, but the term is still used as an informal way to refer to ferns, horsetails, clubmosses and whisk ferns. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. Aug 28, 2016 pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term or sensu lato, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. There is no physical connection between these two generations. The terms distinguish between types of gametophyte sexuality. Flowering plants are of two types gymnosperms and angiosperms which have common features like roots, stems, leaves, proper vascular tissues for transportation and contain flowers and fruits. Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes with. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants.
Sometimes deviation in the regular alternation if generations. And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the pteridophytes. You may recall that in bryophytes the dominant phase in the life cycle is the gametophytic plant body. There is evidence that roots evolved from subterranean portions of stems. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving. Difference between homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes. The megaspores and micros pores germinate and give rise to female and male gametophytes, respectively. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. Economic importance of pteridophytes,several ferns such as angiopteris, asplenium, marattia, microsorium, nephrolepis, phymatodes, etc. Monoicous pteridophytes produce both antheridia and archegonia on the same gametophyte body.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. They occupy the position between bryophytes and spermatophytes. Pteridophytes plants spore free 30day trial scribd. Eichler 1883 divided the plant kingdom into cryptogamia and phanerogamia. Heterosporous plants are the ones that have two different kinds of spores. Bryophytes are nonvascular, so they do not have the right types of tissues to develop roots, stems, or leaves. Pteridophytes provide clues to evolution of roots and leaves 1. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body joilethbwinmi. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term or sensu lato, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. General characteristics of pteridophytes key points easy. However, in pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails. Engler 1909 included the bryophyta and pteridophyta under embryophyta.
Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle. Heterosporous similar to flowering plants in that two types of spores are produced, and these produce two types of gametophytes. Vascular plants have a modular body plan redundancy of units, general ability to replace units ii. These are the first true land plants in the evolution of the plant kingdom. They are the first evolved plant group with vascular tissue system for the conduction of water and food materials. Pteridophytes, also known as vascular cryptogams and ferns and fern allies, comprise about 12 000 species of vascular plants that do not produce. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. The spores germinate to produce a haploid gametophyte called prothallus. They are preserved in the form of fossils or coal deposits. Classification of pteridophyta linkedin slideshare. Pdf difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes.
Some of the species belonging to this division have small leaves called as the microphylls. Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. Structure and function of vascular plant cells and tis. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes with its origin and economic importance in pteridophyta is a group of ancient plants. The cryptogamia was further divided into thallophyta. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. Plants homosporous, leaf magaphyllous, of 1 or 2 types, sporangia in sori, indusiate or exindusiate, sporangia development sequential simultaneous. Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email. They formed the dominant part of the earths during palaeozoic and mesozoic periods on soral evolution. Pteridophytes consist of two separate but related classes, whose nomenclature has varied. Ferns are pteridophytes which a have leaf finely divided into small parts, proper roots and underground stems. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20.
The sexuality of pteridophytic gametophytes can be classified as follows. The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds, roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants. International research botany group 2017 international. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. List of 28 pteridophytes with diagram biology discussion. Types of stele and its evolution in pteridophytes youtube. Another difference between pterophyta and higher plants is that many species belonging to the pterophyta have a vegetative 1 sorus plural sori. Classify the following characteristics to describe the three types of pteridophytes. Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list.
Thus, these characteristics make them horticulturally important plants. Some of the most important characters of pteridophytes are as follows. Mar 08, 2016 the pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish well in sandysoil conditions. There are two main categories of form and structure, one category comprises of megaphyllous types, in which the leaves are large in relation to the stem e. The megaspore and microspore germinate to give rise female and male gametophyte respectively. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length. Stem rhizomatous, long, creeping with scales and hairs, leaves pinnately compound, sporangia in sori without indusia, lies on two sides of the midrib of pinnules. In these heterosporous plants, the megaspores and microspores germinate and give female and male gametophytes respectively.
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